Temporomandibular joint disorder

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Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD or TMD), or TMJ syndrome, is an umbrella term covering acute or chronicinflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the mandible to the skull. The disorder and resultant dysfunction can result in significant pain and impairment. Because the disorder transcends the boundaries between several health-care disciplines—in particular, dentistry ,neurology and pain medicine—there are a variety of treatment approaches.

The temporomandibular joint is susceptible to many of the conditions that affect other joints in the body, including ankylosis, arthritis, trauma, dislocations, developmental anomalies, neoplasia and reactive lesions.

An older name for the condition is "Costen's syndrome", after James B. Costen, who partially characterized it in 1934.

SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms associated with TMJ(temporomandibular joint) disorders may be:
  • Biting or chewing difficulty or discomfort
  • Clicking, popping, or grating sound when opening or closing the mouth
  • Dull, aching pain in the face
  • Earache (particularly in the morning)
  • Headache (particularly in the morning)
  • Hearing loss
  • Migraine (particularly in the morning)
  • Jaw pain or tenderness of the jaw
  • Reduced ability to open or close the mouth
  • Tinnitus(false noise in ear)
  • Neck and shoulder pain
  • Dizziness
 
CAUSE

There are many external factors that place undue strain on the TMJ(temporomandibular joint). These include but are not limited to the following:

Bruxism has been shown to be a contributory factor in the majority of TMD(temporomandibular disorder) cases.[16] Over-opening the jaw beyond its range for the individual or unusually aggressive or repetitive sliding of the jaw sideways (laterally) or forward (protrusive). These movements may also be due to parafunctional habits or a malalignment of the jaw or dentition. This may be due to:

  • Bruxism (repetitive unconscious clenching or grinding of teeth, often at night).
  • Trauma
  • Jaw thrusting (causing unusual speech and chewing habits).
  • Excessive gum chewing or nail biting.
  • Size of food bites eaten.
  • Degenerative joint disease, such as osteoarthritis or organic degeneration of the articular surfaces, recurrent fibrous and/or bony ankylosis, developmental abnormality, or pathologic lesions within the TMJ
  • Myofascial pain syndrome
  • Lack of overbite
  • Physical trauma due to poor dentistry work
 Patients with TMD (temporomandibular disorder) often experience pain such as migraines or headaches, and consider this pain TMJ-related.
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